In case law, a deed is defined as a written legal instrument that conveys, transfers, or confirms an interest in real property (e.g., land or buildings) from one party (the grantor) to another (the grantee). It is a formal document that must meet specific legal requirements to be valid and enforceable, often used to transfer ownership, create easements, or establish other property rights. Deeds are distinguished by their formal execution, typically requiring signatures, witnesses, and sometimes notarization, depending on the jurisdiction.